They Also Serve:

A Brief Biography of John Milton

by T. A. Copeland

   

     Many people entering college are impatient to leave it and get on with the "serious business" of making a living, often in some merely profitable, not truly rewarding, occupation.  They imagine themselves already mature, with all the skills and faculties they will ever need, lacking only money. Occasionally, however, one of these students takes a Milton course and discovers that growing up is the "serious business" of life and that it is a lifelong endeavor.
    When Milton was ten, he often sat up by candle light until after midnight, "as well in voluntary
improvements of his own choice, as the exact perfecting of his school exercises." Such diligence, of course, bore fruit in the form of poems and academic honors, but he did not think himself prepared to achieve anything truly significant even after receiving his M.A. from Cambridge.  At twenty-three, therefore, lamenting his lack of "inward ripeness," he embarked on a program of self-education that lasted the rest of his life.
    The goal of all this preparation was only vaguely defined in Milton's mind.  Of course, being a poet,
he hoped to "leave something so written to aftertimes as they should not willingly let it die," but he had no definite career plans.  He knew only that God had given him a mind to develop; his duty was to be ready to use it when the call came.  He felt no urgency to accomplish great things all at once.  So he bided his time, teaching for a living, marrying at the ripe age of thirty-three, and writing political and ecclesiastical treatises--serving God with his "left hand," as he put it, while his right hand gained strength.
    This left hand's greatest test was to serve Oliver Cromwell as Secretary of the Foreign Tongues.  To
this service, being master of at least seven languages, he was well suited, but in it, "o'erplied in liberty's defense," he lost his sight--and with it, for a time, his hopes of writing an epic poem.  Yet he was not persuaded that his service to God was complete while there was breath in him, and so, resigning himself to "stand and wait" for his opportunity, whatever it might be, he continued to prepare himself for some great service, writing a complete system of theology as a necessary preliminary step!  Now almost fifty, he was still only waiting--but waiting actively--to begin his real life's work.
    The moment he had awaited came well disguised, for when the Commonwealth crumbled in 1660, he
was hunted down and imprisoned for having defended the beheading of King Charles I.  Although he escaped death, narrowly, the liberty of thought and expression for which he had labored was a ruin; even pamphleteering was now a crime.  His political service to God was over.
    Nothing was left, then, but to try the right hand, even in blindness, and try to write Paradise Lost.
This was a long and difficult task for a blind man, but diligence and patience again served him well. After an evening of artistic relaxation (listening to poetry or playing his organ or bass viol), his mind would be refreshed and receptive, and he would go to bed early in anticipation of the "nightly visitation" of his Muse, "who dictates to me slumbring." After the release of imaginative energy in sleep, he would rise early and prepare his mind to impose form on this "inspiration." His method was to have the Greek or Hebrew Bible read to him for an hour and then to compose about forty lines of his poem, which he would later reduce to twenty.  Thereafter this iron discipline would relax, and he would devote the rest of the day to mundane affairs and to readying his mind for yet another creative dream.  He never forced the Muse; he patiently awaited her, confident that his years of preparation would enable him to respond to the call when it came.
    Impatient people who expect "to burst out into sudden blaze" as soon as they have paid lip service
to "Education" may be cheating themselves of true success, which is found only by patience, by "Suffering, abstaining, quietly expecting / Without distrust or doubt" "that lot, however mean or high / Toward which Time leads [them] and the will of heaven." Some few have made this discovery thanks to the example of John Milton.